IQ and EQ: Meaning and Difference

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Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

IQ, which stands for intelligence quotient, is a measure of someone’s reasoning ability. The abbreviation "IQ" was coined by the psychologist William Stern for the German term  Intelligenzquotient. IQ is actually a number that is supposed to indicate how well someone can use information and logic to solve problems. We usually consider IQ as an estimate of a person’s intelligence. The low IQ score is 70 and below, whereas IQ score above than 140 is considered a genius IQ score. The IQ of a person is measured by an IQ test. IQ tests measure both crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence. Crystallized intelligence is the knowledge and skills we acquire throughout life, while fluid intelligence is a person’s ability to reason, solve problems, and understand abstract information. The former is directly associated with learning and experience and increases as we grow older. However, the latter, i.e., fluid intelligence, is not dependent on learning and tends to decline as we grow older. However, it’s also important to notice that since intelligence is an abstract concept, it’s not possible to achieve a concrete measure of intelligence. There are different types of IQ tests. They may contain a series of subtests that can measure memory, reasoning skills, mathematical abilities, and information-processing speed. Moreover, licensed psychologists can administer these tests. IQ scores are used in academic placements (in college and university entrance exams), selection of employees, and identifying intellectual disabilities.

Emotional Quotient

EQ stands for emotional quotient or emotional intelligence. It refers to our capability to recognize our own emotions and the emotions of others, differentiate between various feelings and label them appropriately, use emotional information to direct thinking and behaviour and adjust emotions to adapt to different situations. In other words, EQ is the ability to perceive, evaluate and control emotions. Moreover, researchers suggest that there are four components in emotional intelligence: perceiving emotions, reasoning with emotions, understanding emotions, and managing emotions. While some researchers claim that EQ is an inborn characteristic, some others argue that it can be learned.

Some key signs and examples of emotional intelligence include:
  1. An ability to identify and describe what people are feeling
  2. An awareness of personal strengths and limitations
  3. Self-confidence and self-acceptance
  4. The ability to let go of mistakes
  5. An ability to accept and embrace change
  6. A strong sense of curiosity, particularly about other people
  7. Feelings of empathy and concern for others
  8. Showing sensitivity to the feelings of other people
  9. Accepting responsibility for mistakes
  10. The ability to manage emotions in difficult situations

Difference Between IQ and EQ

Basis                     IQ                                                EQ

Stands for              Intelligence Quotient                                Emotional Quotient (aka                                                                                                               emotional intelligence)

Definition               An intelligence quotient (IQ) is a              EQ is the ability to identify, 

                               score derived from one of several            access and control the emotions

                               standardized tests designed to                 of oneself of other and of groups.

                               assess intelligence.

Abilities                Ability to learn, understand and               Identify, evaluate, control and 

                              apply information to skills,                       express emotions ones own 

                                 logical reasoning, word                              emotion; perceive and assess 

                              comprehension, math skills,                    others' emotion; use emotion to

                              abstract and spatial thinking, filter           facilitate thinking, understand

                              irrelevant information.                              emotional meanings.

In the                   Success with challenging tasks,              Teamwork, leadership, successful

workplace           ability to analyze and connect the            relations, service orientation, 

                            dots, research and development.             initiative, collaboration.

Identifies            Highly capable or gifted individuals,         Leaders, team-players, individual
                            individuals with mental challenges           who best work alone, individuals 
                            and special needs.                                   with social challenges.
Origin                 1883, English statistician Francis             1985, Wayne Payne's doctoral 
                            Galton's paper "Inquiries into                   thesis " A Study of Emotion: 
                            Human Faculty and Its                             Developing Emotional Intelligence"
                            Development" First application                popular use came in Daniel 
                            came in French psychologist                   Goleman's 1995 book "Emotional
                            Alfred Binet's 1905 test to assess            Intelligence- Why it can matter 
                            school children in France.                        more than IQ".
Popular              Stanford-Binet test; Wechler;                   Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Test 
Tests                  Woodcock-Johnson Test of                      (emotion-based problem-solving 
                            Cognitive Abilities.                                   tasks); Daniel Goleman model 
                                                                                            score (based on emotional
                                                                                            competencies).

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